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Trgovski Dom

2

Mappa interattiva

Sui Giar­di­ni Pub­bli­ci, rea­liz­za­ti nel 1860, si af­fac­cia­no al­cu­ni im­por­tan­ti edi­fi­ci cit­ta­di­ni: il vec­chio pa­laz­zo co­mu­na­le, i ba­gni pub­bli­ci e il Tr­go­v­ski Dom (Ca­sa del com­mer­cio) che ven­ne com­mis­sio­na­to dal Con­sor­zio com­mer­cia­le e in­du­stria­le del­la co­mu­ni­tà slo­ve­na al­l’ar­chi­tet­to Max Fa­bia­ni (1865-1962) tra il 1903 e il 1905. Fa­bia­ni, che si era for­ma­to al­la Real­schu­le (Scuo­la Rea­le) di Lu­bia­na e al­la Tech­ni­sche Ho­ch­schu­le (Po­li­tec­ni­co) di Vien­na, di­ven­tan­do poi col­la­bo­ra­to­re di Ot­to Wag­ner, era a quel tem­po im­pe­gna­to nel­la rea­liz­za­zio­ne di un edi­fi­cio si­mi­le a Trie­ste, il Na­rod­ni Dom.

Il pa­laz­zo go­ri­zia­no, in­no­va­ti­vo sia per lo sti­le che per l’or­ga­niz­za­zio­ne in­ter­na de­gli spa­zi, ri­ma­ne di pro­prie­tà del Con­sor­zio com­mer­cia­le e in­du­stria­le fi­no agli an­ni Ven­ti. Nel­le in­ten­zio­ni del­la com­mit­ten­za, il Tr­go­v­ski Dom, col­lo­ca­to in pie­no cen­tro cit­tà, do­ve­va con­fi­gu­rar­si co­me luo­go rap­pre­sen­ta­ti­vo del­la con­si­sten­te co­mu­ni­tà slo­ve­na di Go­ri­zia, di­ven­tan­do cen­tro pro­pul­so­re del­le at­ti­vi­tà po­li­ti­che, com­mer­cia­li, cul­tu­ra­li e ri­crea­ti­ve. L’e­di­fi­cio, in­fat­ti, ospi­ta­va al­cu­ne im­por­tan­ti isti­tu­zio­ni eco­no­mi­che e cul­tu­ra­li, stu­di di pro­fes­sio­ni­sti e ne­go­zi ma an­che un pic­co­lo tea­tro, una bi­blio­te­ca, una pa­le­stra e lo­ca­li di riu­nio­ne.

Nel 1927, il Tr­go­v­ski Dom vie­ne in­cen­dia­to dai fa­sci­sti, in­ten­zio­na­ti a col­pi­re sim­bo­li­ca­men­te e fi­si­ca­men­te gli slo­ve­ni nel ten­ta­ti­vo di ita­lia­niz­za­re l’a­rea. L’e­di­fi­cio vie­ne espro­pria­to e tra­sfor­ma­to in Ca­sa del Fa­scio, al­l’in­ter­no del­la qua­le ven­go­no in­se­dia­ti uf­fi­ci e am­mi­ni­stra­zio­ni del re­gi­me, man­te­nen­do co­sì la sua vo­ca­zio­ne po­li­fun­zio­na­le.

Nel 1945 sul cor­ni­cio­ne com­pa­re la scrit­ta Ljud­ski Dom (Ca­sa del po­po­lo): a par­ti­re dal­la li­be­ra­zio­ne del­la cit­tà e dal suc­ces­si­vo pe­rio­do di am­mi­ni­stra­zio­ne ju­go­sla­va, in­fat­ti, l’e­di­fi­cio tor­na a ospi­ta­re le or­ga­niz­za­zio­ni po­li­ti­co-cul­tu­ra­li slo­ve­ne. Nel pe­rio­do di am­mi­ni­stra­zio­ne al­lea­ta sa­rà spes­so sce­na­rio di scon­tri per l’ap­par­te­nen­za na­zio­na­le del­la cit­tà. Nel 1947 è nuo­va­men­te espro­pria­to dal­lo Sta­to ita­lia­no e de­sti­na­to a se­de di uf­fi­ci pub­bli­ci.  Da­gli an­ni Cin­quan­ta agli an­ni Ot­tan­ta il tea­tro vie­ne da­to in af­fit­to prez­zo sim­bo­li­co di 10 li­re al­la Le­ga na­zio­na­le che or­ga­niz­za in­con­tri, se­ra­te dan­zan­ti e ma­ni­fe­sta­zio­ni spor­ti­ve. Ne­gli ul­ti­mi an­ni, in ot­tem­pe­ran­za al­la leg­ge che tu­te­la la lin­gua e la cul­tu­ra slo­ve­na, si so­no av­via­te le pro­ce­du­re per “re­sti­tui­re” lo sta­bi­le al­la cit­tà: in par­ti­co­la­re al­le As­so­cia­zio­ni slo­ve­ne e al­la Bi­blio­te­ca sta­ta­le ison­ti­na.

Trgovski Dom

2

Mappa interattiva

Pri Ljud­skem vr­tu iz le­ta 1860 sto­ji ne­kaj po­memb­nih mest­nih sta­vb, in si­cer sta­ra mest­na hiša, ja­v­no ko­pa­lišče in Tr­go­v­ski Dom. Grad­n­jo Tr­go­v­ske­ga Do­ma je na­ročila Tr­go­v­sko-obrt­na za­dru­ga go­riških Slo­ven­cev arhi­tek­tu Mak­su Fa­bia­ni­ju (1865-1962) med le­ti 1903 in 1905. Fa­bia­ni, ki je do­končal real­ko (Real­schu­le) v Lju­bl­ja­ni in du­na­j­sko Po­li­teh­ni­ko (Tech­ni­sche Ho­ch­schu­le) ter ka­sne­je so­de­lo­val z Ot­tom Wag­ne­r­jem, se je ra­v­no­kar uk­va­r­jal z grad­n­jo so­rod­ne sta­v­be Na­rod­ne­ga Do­ma v Tr­stu.

Go­riško po­slo­p­je, ki je bi­lo ino­va­ci­j­sko v slo­gu in no­tra­n­ji raz­po­re­dit­vi pro­sto­ra, je osta­lo v la­sti Tr­go­v­sko-obrt­ne za­dru­ge do Dva­j­se­tih let prejšnje­ga sto­le­t­ja. Za­dru­ga je žele­la, da bi v sre­dišču me­sta Tr­go­v­ski Dom za­sto­pal šte­vil­no go­riško slo­ven­sko skup­no­st ter po­stal sr­ce nje­nih po­li­tičnih, tr­go­v­skih, kul­tur­nih in re­krea­ci­j­skih de­ja­v­no­sti. V po­slo­p­ju so nam­reč bi­li se­deži ne­ka­te­rih važnih go­spo­dar­skih in kul­tur­nih usta­nov, pi­sar­ne, tr­go­vi­ne, ma­lo gle­da­lišče, kn­jižni­ca, te­lo­vad­ni­ca in zbo­ro­val­ni­ce. Le­ta 1927 so Tr­go­v­ski Dom požga­li fašisti, da bi sim­bo­lično in de­jan­sko pri­za­de­li Slo­ven­ce ter ta­ko poi­ta­li­jančili go­riški pro­stor. Sta­v­bo so raz­la­sti­li in spre­me­ni­li v fašistični dom (Ca­sa del Fa­scio), pri tem pa je oh­ra­ni­la svo­jo večna­men­sko na­ra­vo, saj so v njej bi­li se­deži upra­ve in ura­dov režima.

Le­ta 1945 se je na po­slo­p­ju po­ja­vil na­pis Ljud­ski Dom: po osvo­bo­dit­vi me­sta in v ob­do­b­ju ju­go­slo­van­ske upra­ve je sta­v­ba nam­reč spet go­sti­la slo­ven­ske po­li­tične in kul­tur­ne usta­no­ve. V do­bi za­vez­niške upra­ve je bil Dom večkrat pri­zo­rišče spo­pa­dov za na­rod­no pri­pad­no­st me­sta. Le­ta 1947 je Ita­li­ja po­no­v­no raz­la­sti­la sta­v­bo in jo na­me­ni­la ja­v­nim ura­dom. Od Pet­de­se­tih do Ose­m­de­se­tih let je gle­da­lišče za sim­bo­lično ce­no de­se­tih lir od­da­ja­la v na­jem or­ga­ni­za­ci­ji Le­ga na­zio­na­le, ki je v njem pri­re­ja­la srečan­ja, ple­sne večere in šport­ne pri­re­dit­ve.

Kot do­ločeno v Zaščit­nem za­ko­nu za slo­ven­sko ma­njšino, se je v zad­n­jih le­tih začel po­sto­pek “vr­nit­ve” po­slo­p­ja mest­ni skup­no­sti, zla­sti pa Slo­ven­skim or­ga­ni­za­ci­jam in Držav­ni kn­jižni­ci Ison­ti­na.

Trgovski Dom

2

Mappa interattiva

A few im­por­tant buil­dings of the ci­ty over­look the Pu­blic Gar­dens, whi­ch we­re built in 1860: the old To­wn Hall, the pu­blic ba­ths, and the Tr­go­v­ski Dom (Hou­se of Tra­de), whi­ch was com­mis­sio­ned by the Com­mer­cial and In­du­strial Con­sor­tium of the Slo­ve­nian com­mu­ni­ty to be de­si­gned by the ar­chi­tect Max Fa­bia­ni (1865-1962), bet­ween 1903 and 1905. Fa­bia­ni, who trai­ned at the Real­schu­le (Royal School) in Lju­bl­ja­na and at the Tech­ni­sche Ho­ch­schu­le (Po­ly­tech­nic in­sti­tu­te) in Vien­na, and who sub­se­quen­tly be­ca­me a col­la­bo­ra­tor to Ot­to Wag­ner, was wor­king on the de­ve­lo­p­ment of a si­mi­lar buil­ding in Trie­ste at the ti­me, the Na­rod­ni Dom.

The Go­ri­zian buil­ding, whi­ch fea­tu­red an in­no­va­ti­ve sty­le and in­ter­nal or­ga­ni­sa­tion of spa­ces, re­mai­ned pro­per­ty of the Com­mer­cial and In­du­strial Con­sor­tium un­til the 1920's. In the in­ten­tions of the com­mis­sio­ners, the Tr­go­v­ski Dom, si­tua­ted in the cen­tre of the ci­ty, was to de­ve­lop in­to a pla­ce that would be re­pre­sen­ta­ti­ve of the Slo­ve­nian com­mu­ni­ty of Go­ri­zia, be­co­ming the dri­ving for­ce of po­li­ti­cal, com­mer­cial, cul­tu­ral and re­crea­tio­nal ac­ti­vi­ties. The buil­ding hou­sed a few im­por­tant eco­no­mic and cul­tu­ral in­sti­tu­tions, pro­fes­sio­nal prac­ti­ces, shops, but al­so a small thea­tre, a li­bra­ry and con­fe­ren­ce rooms.

In 1927 the Tr­go­v­ski Dom was set on fi­re by the fa­scists who, by doing so, in­ten­ded to hit the Slo­ve­nians sym­bo­li­cal­ly and phy­si­cal­ly, in an at­tempt to 'i­ta­lia­ni­se' the area. The buil­ding was then ex­pro­pria­ted and tur­ned in­to a Ca­sa del Fa­scio (Hou­se of the Fa­sci­st Par­ty), whi­ch hou­sed of­fi­ce and ad­mi­ni­stra­ti­ve cen­tres of the re­gi­me, thus re­tai­ning the po­ly­func­tio­nal vo­ca­tion of the buil­ding.

In 1945 the si­gn 'L­jud­ski Dom' (Hou­se of the Peo­ple) ap­pea­red on the led­ge: from the li­be­ra­tion of the ci­ty and the fol­lo­wing pe­riod of Yu­go­slav ad­mi­ni­stra­tion, the buil­ding on­ce again hou­sed the po­li­ti­cal and cul­tu­ral Slo­ve­nian or­ga­ni­sa­tions. Du­ring the pe­riod of al­lied ad­mi­ni­stra­tion, the Hou­se was of­ten the sta­ge for the strug­gles for the na­tio­nal af­fi­lia­tion of the ci­ty. In 1947, it was ex­pro­pria­ted again by the Ita­lian go­vern­ment and cho­sen as the lo­ca­tion of pu­blic go­vern­ment of­fi­ces. From the 1950s to the 1980s, the thea­tre was ren­ted at the sym­bo­lic amount of 10 li­ras to the Na­tio­nal Lea­gue, who or­ga­ni­sed mee­tings, dan­cing eve­nings, and spor­ting even­ts.

Du­ring the la­st years, in com­plian­ce wi­th the tu­te­la­ry la­ws con­cer­ning the Slo­ve­nian lan­gua­ge and cul­tu­re, pro­ces­ses ha­ve be­gun in or­der to 're­tur­n' the buil­ding to the ci­ty: espe­cial­ly to the Slo­ve­nian As­so­cia­tions and the Ison­ti­ne Pu­blic Li­bra­ry.